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Downhole pressure generators

The technology of gas-dynamic fracturing using pressure generators involves creating overpressure in the wellbore through the impact of combustion products of gas-generating charges on the productive formation.

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Casingless downhole pressure generators of the "Plast-BK" series

Casingless downhole pressure generators (hereinafter — DPG) of the "Plast-BK" series are designed for fracturing and thermal-gas-chemical treatment of oil and gas reservoirs, in order to restore or increase the filtration properties of the near-wellbore zone, when run on wireline. The gas-dynamic reservoir fracturing technology involves creating excess pressure in the well through the action of combustion products of gas-generating charges on the productive formation. In this process, the near-wellbore zone is subjected to mechanical, thermal, and physicochemical effects. The main factor of impact is mechanical. The loading rate of the rock is about 10⁴ MPa/s; under such high-speed deformation, the residual deformation of the rock prevents the fractures from closing after the pressure is released.

Operating principle:

The generators feature a unique design with no analogues. The gas-generating charges are initiated simultaneously by two blasting cartridges located at the top and bottom of the assembly. The combustion pulses converge in the middle part of the assembly, producing maximum pressure precisely in the required part of the treatment interval, without subjecting the casing and cement sheath outside the treatment interval to excessive blast impact.

Safety:

The implementation of the converging pulse method reduces the impact on the casing and cement sheath during generator operation.

Main components of the technology

  • The multifunctional "Plast" software allows calculating the generator assembly configuration and the pressure it generates, based on well data;
  • DPG "Plast-BK";
  • A high-speed pressure-and-temperature memory gauge, run into the well together with the generator to confirm the calculated pressure.

Technology features

  • Convergence of pressure pulses (initiation from both sides) provides preferential impact on the target interval;
  • The specified formation fracturing pressure is achieved with fewer gas-generating charges due to the cumulative effect of the superposition of converging pressure pulses;
  • Reduced blast impact on the production casing outside the treatment interval due to dynamic balancing of the generator assembly under the action of converging pressure pulses;
  • The ability to adjust the pressure buildup rate through the use of active and main gas-generating charges;
  • The ability to work through tubing using a rigless method with the compact DPG "Plast-42BK";
  • A scientific approach to each treatment, with well-by-well monitoring by the developer;
  • The design and method of action are protected by RF patents No. 2645313 and No. 2643533.
Technical Specifications of the "Plast-BK" DPG
Parameter Value
DPG "Plast-42BK" DPG "Plast-65BK"
Overall diameter, mm 42 65
Minimum casing drift diameter, mm 50 73
Maximum allowable hydrostatic pressure, MPa 100*
Minimum allowable hydrostatic pressure, MPa 5
Maximum allowable temperature, °C 150
Name of charges used ShGD-42PP ShGD-65PP
Mass of charges, kg 0.9 2.2
Specific volume of combustion gas products from the charges, kg/l, not less than 700
Maximum length of interval treated in a single run Limited by the maximum lifting height of the suspension sheave
* Depending on the initiation device used.   

Tubing-Conveyed Downhole Pressure Generators of the "Plast-T" Series

Carrier-type "Plast-T"-series DPG downhole pressure generators are designed for applying gas-dynamic reservoir fracturing (GDRF) technology when working on tubing (coiled tubing), to improve hydrodynamic connectivity with the formation and increase inflow or injectivity by enhancing the permeability of the near-wellbore zone through the action of combustion products of gas-generating charges. The generator design allows treatment of extended intervals or multiple intervals in a single trip.

The special "Plast-64T" (Ts) DPG design is intended to create pressure in the tubing through combustion of gas-generating charges, which makes it possible to perform sequential interval-by-interval perforation and treat an unlimited number of intervals, using standard tubing instead of perforator blank sections.

Operating principle:

Initiation of the "Plast-T" DPG is performed by an "ISKRA"-series initiating head, which triggers high-speed combustion of the gas-generating charges, causing an instantaneous pressure buildup at a rate of up to 10⁴ MPa/s. This produces a gas-dynamic fracturing of the formation and creates a network of fractures in the reservoir within the treatment interval. Initiation of the "Plast-64T" (Ts) DPG is performed from the lower PBA section of the assembly. Combustion of the gas-generating charge creates the required calculated pressure, which is transmitted through the tubing (bypassing the perforation interval), initiates the "ISKRA"-series hydraulic initiating head, and then the next PBA assembly. The number of sequential PBA assemblies with the generator depends on the specified number of perforation intervals.

Safety:

When treating extended intervals in a single trip, an "AT-PP"-series vertical shock absorber is included in the "Plast-T" DPG assembly, which reduces peak loads on the casing and cement sheath outside the treatment interval.

Main components of the technology

  • Carrier-type "Plast-T" DPG for deployment on tubing;
  • The multifunctional "Plast" software;
  • A high-speed pressure-and-temperature memory gauge, run into the well inside a special container of the appropriate design of the KAP autonomous instrument, to confirm the calculated treatment parameters;
  • The special "Plast-64T" (Ts) DPG design is a separate technology.

Advantages and distinctive features of the "Plast-T" DPG

  • The ability to perform gas-dynamic formation fracturing when deploying the "Plast-T" DPG on tubing in directional and horizontal wells, including in the screened section and open hole sections (under certain geological and technical conditions), as well as in small-diameter liners with a minimum internal diameter of 79 mm;
  • The ability to treat extended intervals or multiple intervals in a single trip through the use of "ISKRA"-series hydraulic initiating heads;
  • The ability to perform sequential interval-by-interval perforation and treat an unlimited number of intervals using the special "Plast-64T" (Ts) DPG design. Used only in combination with a PBA: perforators or CSA "Plast-S". The design is protected by RF patent No. 2812170;
  • The generators use universal gas-generating charges, which are also used in the "Plast-BK" DPG;
  • For treating extended intervals, as well as in situations requiring maximum reduction of peak axial loads on tubing string elements, a compact tubing shock absorber "AT-73PP" is used;
  • The "Plast-T" DPG design and the gas-dynamic formation treatment method are protected by RF patents No. 2728025 and No. 2730058.
Technical Specifications of the "Plast-T" DPG
Parameter Value
DPG "Plast-64T" DPG "Plast-89T"
Overall diameter, mm 64 89
Minimum casing drift diameter, mm 79 106
Maximum allowable hydrostatic pressure, MPa 80
Minimum allowable hydrostatic pressure, MPa 5
Maximum allowable temperature, °C, when held for 2 h 150
Name of charges used ShGD-42PP ShGD-65PP
Mass of one charge, kg 0.9 2.2
Specific volume of combustion gas products of one ShGD-PP charge, l/kg, not less than 700
Maximum number of charges in a single assembly per run, pcs. 52
Technical Specifications of the "Plast-T" (Ts) DPG
Parameter Value        
DPG "Plast-64T"
(Ts-64/60) 		 DPG "Plast-64T"
(Ts-73/60) 		DPG "Plast-64T"
(Ts-89/60) 		DPG "Plast-64T"
(Ts-89/73) 		DPG "Plast-64T"
(Ts-102/73) 		DPG "Plast-64T"
(Ts-114/73)
Overall diameter, mm 64       73       89       89       102 114
Minimum casing drift diameter, mm 79       88       106       106       119 143
Maximum allowable hydrostatic pressure, MPa 80        
Minimum allowable hydrostatic pressure, MPa 5        
Maximum allowable temperature, °C, when held for 2 h 150        
Name of charges used ShGD-42PP        
Mass of one charge, kg 0.9        
 Maximum number of charges in a single assembly per run, pcs.  1        
Specific volume of combustion gas products, l/kg, not less than 700        
Maximum rupture pressure of the safety membrane, MPa 50        
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